Double acting, two-cycle diesel engine



Oct. 16, 1945. w. R. APPEMAN Q 2,387,107

I DOUBLE ACTING, TWO-CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE Filed. Nov. 29, 1943 4Sheets-Sheet 1 570 M6 8 mm 3 INVENTOR:

W. R. APPEM B ATTORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR;

ATTORNEY W. RAPPEMAN Oct.- 16,1945; w. R. APPEMAN DOUBLE ACTING,TWO-CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE Filed Nov. 29, 1945 8w 8 m n R m w UQM. aw MmOct. 16, 1945. w. .R. APPEMAN DOUBLE ACTING, TWO-CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE 4Shets-Sheet 4 Filed Nov. 29, 1943 INVENTOR W. R. APPEMAN Y QZQZk/ZAATTORNEY Patented Got. 16, 1945 .UNHTE sr'res v rarest OFFICE.

DOUBLE ACTING, TWO-'CYGLE DIESEL ENGINE Walter R. Appeman, champaigmlll.Application November 29, 194:3,Serial No. 512,170

17 Claims.

Thlsinvention relates'to internal combustion engines of the two-strokecycle Diesel type, and the improvements herein described undertake toembody in such Diesel engine certain structural -features and'principlesofoperationias are disclosed in my patent numbered 2,335,252,,datedNovember 30, 1943.

v The main object of the invention is to provide a'double action,two-stroke cycle Diesel type engine, consisting of one or more engineunits, each unit comprising a pair of elongate cylinders closed at theirends and mounted together in parallel spaced relation and exacttransverse alignment, pistons reciprocably mounted in the ends "of eachcylinder and in exact transverse alignment as betweenthe two cylindersof each engine unit, the two pistons of each cylinder being rigidlyjoined together by piston rods or bars, means for rigidly connecting thetwo piston rods of each engine unit transversely, so that all fourpistons of the unit may reciprocate together, means for operativelyconnecting the said unitary piston assembly to the crank pin of'a'icrank shaft, and means on the cylinders and the engine .unit cooperating withthe :pistons therein, for simultaneously reproducing inthe transversely aligned ends ofv the cylinders of the unit, theconventional phases oftwo-stroke-cycle Diesel engine operation, wherebya power impulse may be imparted to the crankshaft upon each half turnthereof of one hundred and eighty degrees.

Another objectof the invention is to provide in an'engine of the typeabove referred to, in unitary form, a pair of elongate enginecylinders,closed at their ends and arranged in parallel and spaced relation, thecylinders having openings formed medially through their inner adjacentsides'in the axial plane of the cylinders, pairs of pistons rigidlymounted on the ends of piston rods or bars, and reciprocably seated inthe ends of the cylinders inexact transverse alignment, a piston andpiston rod carrier, yoke or linkage extended transversely through thesaid cylinder openings and'rigidly anchored at its ends to the saidpiston rods to form a unitary piston and rod assembly or unit rigidlyconnected in all its parts, the said carrier, yoke or linkage thussubtending the space between the pair of cylinders, a drive or thrustarm extended forwardly from the forward side of the said cross-yokebetween the cylinders, in the axial plane thereof and in parallelalignment with the piston rods therein, there being a connecting rodfork or yoke at the forward end of the said drive arm adapted forreceiving the inner end of a connecting rod, a race-way casing mountedbetween the forward ends of i the cylinders and into the rear openend'of which the said drive arm is extended, there-being pairs of spacedand parallel track-ways formed or mounted on the opposite inner faces ofthe sides of-the casing disposed ad'jacentthe two cylinders, thesurfaces of the track-ways of each pair, on either side of the race-waybeing slightly ofi-set from each other, and. extended at each side inparallel planes slightly spaced-apart, the said planes cuttingperpendicularly the commonplane of the cylinder axes, a connecting rodoperatively journaled at its inner end uponga wrist pin pa'ssedthroughthe yoke of the drive arm and at its forward end upon the crankpin of a drive shaft, the'ends of the wrist pin of" the, yoke beingextended outwardly thereof, pairs of conventional'roller-ring unitsrotatably seated upon the extended ends of the wrist pin,the'said-roller-ring units being located; at eachside upon the saidtrack-ways in such manner that upon the reciprocation of; the drive armin one direction, one set of the rings will rotate imbue-direction andthe-other set in the opposite direction, and will rotatereversely as thedrive arm moves in the opposite direction, whereby the connecting rodyoke of the drive arm is reciprocably supportedupon the two pairs ofroller-ring units for receiving and carryingthe angular thrusts of theconnecting rod'from either side of the crank-shaft,- twoof'theroller-rings, one at each side-of the race-way having tractiononly on the track-ways or rails lying in one'plane, and the other tworoller-rings one at' each side having traction-only "on the tra'ck waysor rails lying in the other-or o'fi set plane, the cylinders beingformed and equipped ateach end thereof co-operatively with the pistonstherein forsimultaneously reproducing in the transversely aligned endsof the pair of cylinders, the conventional phases of two-stroke cycleDiesel engine "operation; whereby apower impulse is imparted to thecrank-shaft of the engine upon each half turn thereof, or on eachreciprocation" of the piston and rod assembly-or unit.

Stil-l'another object oft-he invention is-to provide' in an] internalcombustion engine, a unitary; multiple cylinder and piston assembly,comprisinga pair of elongate,- two-part cylinders, the parts of eachcylinder being bolted together endwise at their inner, open, axiallaligned'and abut'ted ends, the outer ends'of the cylinder parts beingclosed and being formed and equipped with air; intake ports and valves,spent gas exhaust ports, and fuel injectors, in accordance with con- 1in a timing the admission of air and fuel oil into thecombustionchambers of the cylinders with rela tion to the movement of the pistonstherein for opening and closing the cylinder exhaust ports, as tosimultaneously reproduce, alternately in the transversely alignedcylinder ends, -the several s ems injecting fuel oil through the saidinjector nozzles at each end alternately and in unison at the ';properpoint of air-compression within the cylinder ends of each engine unit,there being exhaust ports leading from the inner ends of the cylindersoperative phases of operation of a two cycle Diesel engine, and aconnecting rod operatively connecting the saidpiston linkage with thecrank of a t crank shafh forcompleting the engine assembly, and-wherebyfaitwoffold power impulse may be imparted to the crank' shaft upon eachoscillation of ,thle saidl piston assembly or unit.

K -$till another object'of this invention is to provide an' eng'ineassembly of the. kind referredto, eornprising frontal and'rear enginecasings "horizontally aligned and secured together at their open innerends, a battery of engine units mounted withinthe casings, each unitcomprising a set or" four-cylinder receptacles formed or mounted inpairs within the outer ends of the casings and positioned horizontallyone over. the other at each the said receptacles being} thus arranged inboth longitudinal and vertical spaced ailgnment and-relation as to'eachunit of four receptacles, there being medial openings between or at theinner ends 'of the vertically spaced receptacles of each unitat each endof the unit, steel cylinder shellsjlocked within the receptacles,casings for airdnletportsand theinspring-set valves at the ends of theassembly and therebeing fuel injectornozz les extended through saidcasings, crank sha ftcasings secured to; the frontal engine cas ing a,crankshaft journaled transversely through the crank -shaft casingforwardly of the cylinders at th at; ,end,: the crank-shaft being.extended transversely of the cylinder ends in a plane passed nediallyand horizontally between the cylinders and perpendicularly-to the axial,planes of the cylinder 'units, said crank shaft being formed with cranksand-crank-pins aligned in the "axial planes of thecylinder; unit's,pistons reciprocally mounted within the four cylinder shells of eachengine unit of the battery and arranged in exact verticatalignmentateach end of each unit, piston rods rigidly connecting the pistons withineach longitudinally spacedpair of pistons 'of each unit, yokes rigidlyand vertically connecting the two piston rods of each unit through thesaid medial openings at the inner ends of the cylinder receptacles,connecting rods operatively connecting at their ends the severalcross-yokes of the engine units with theseveral aligned crank-pins Y1crankshaft-outwardly of oneside of the engine casings; gears on theendsof the cam-shafts at the same side of the casings and aligned withof each engine unit, operatively spaced from the pistons.

With the foregoing objects in view, together with such other andadditional objects and advantages as may be developed in the. followingspecification, attention is directed to the accompanying drawings asembodying certain preferred structural features of the invention, andwherein:

Figure 1 is a pan view of a three-unit engine assembly or battery,showing the three units mounted together side by side within the enginecasings and arranged for operating a, common crank-shaft.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the assembly of Figure 1, certaininterior working and stationary parts of the assembly being indicated indotted lines.

Figure 3 is a top plan view on an enlarged-scale of an individual engineunit, as located at the left hand side of the assembly as shown inFigure ,1 (the other two units being broken away), including the mastergear of the crank-shaft, the camshaft gears and intermediate connectinggear train, for operating the air-inlet valves and fuel oil injectors atthe two ends of the assembly.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal section on anen: larged scale, on the line 44of Figure 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrow.

Figure 5 is a transverse section on an enlarged scale, on the line 55 ofFigure 1, looking for wardly as indicated by the arrow, showing thecylindrical receptacles for the cylinder shells, with the channelsprovided for the liquid cooling systems, and the race-ways or guide-waysfor supporting the ring-roller bearings of the connecting rodyokes, theupper and lower and right hand side portions of the assembly beingbroken away. 7 1 l Figures 6 and 7 are detail views, partly in, section,showing the method provided forloc'king together the several pistons andpiston rods or bars of each engine unit.

Figure 8 is a longitudinal vertical on the line 9+9 of enlarged scale ofthe cross-yoke, carrier or link-j age, forrigidly connecting a pair ofpistons of an engine unit, showing the piston rods and also the,

, Figure 11 is a cross-section on the line l lj ll of Figure 10.

l section along and through one side of the special form o'f The,drawings show a three-unit; double actin two-stroke cycle Diesel; engineassembly, as mounted .within a; suitable form ;.of casings: ;inoperative -relation, ;an d wherein-is. presented ,,a preferredexemplification of the. principles. of this invention.

As shown in the; drawings; this three-unitessembly, here representedgenerally as, units A,".B, and C,: is disposed horizontally for the.purposes Of-deScription, and; the. unit is represented ,as a whole; bythe numeral 5. Obviously .anydesired numberof such engine. units may.be; assembled insirnilar unitary, form.

,This three-unit. assembly .is housed ,or. incased ina suitable housingor casing whioh;,comprises. as here shown, a frontal engine-casing 6, arear engine casing: I, frontaland rear, valve, and air-port .casings 8and19, and frontal crankand cam-shaft casings H! and II, all aligned andabuttedtogether in operative relation as shown. The engine casings .6and l entirely encompass the three engine units-A, B, C, at top,bottomand sides, but not at the ends thereof, the ends being providedforby the end casings 8,- 9, I0, I I, in manner later to be pointed out.Interiorly of the casings 6 and. 1, preferably .forrned integrallytherewith but in any event supported therefrom, are the vertical andlongitudinally extended Webs 6a,..la, equally spaced. from thesides ofthepcasings and from each other, so as to divide the interior of thecasings into three longitudinally extended compartments for receiving,the elements of. the three engine .units A,-B, C. .Within thenouterends vof each of these compartments,- frontand rear, are mounted orintegrally formed therewith, sets of four cylinder receptacles orchambers, .to-wit: receptacles I2, I20, and I3, Ida for the engine unitA; receptacles l4, .Hla-and I5, l5a for the engineunit B; andreceptacles I6, I 8a and I7, Ha for the uni-t C. These. cylinderreceptacles or chambers of each engine unit, are arranged in pairs andin spaced relation and alignment'both longitudinally and vertically, asrepresented at l2-|2a=and |3 l3a for the longitudinal-and axially spacedalignment of the upper and lower receptacles of the unit A, andasrepresented -at l2 l3, and l2al3a for the Vertical and spaced-alignmentof the frontal and rear receptacles of theunit A. Similar. dispositionand arrangement is made as to the. receptacles- |4I4a, l5l5a of the unitB, and the receptacles [Ii-Isa, 11-410, of the unit 0. The describedcylinder receptacles are formed attheir outer ends with conventionalannular channelways 18 for liquid cooling of the units, and outwardly'ofthese channel-ways the cylinder receptacles are notched annularly aroundtheir outer ends to provide the annular shoulders as indicated at IQ fora purpose to be described. At the top and bottom of the engine casings 6and I, or through the upper and lowersides of the cylinder receptaclesof each engine unit, in proper position and alignment relative totheinner ends of the receptacles for the purposes andfunctions oftheengine, exhaust ports 20 are formed, immediately inward of thechannel-ways l 8, and which exhaust ports lead into the exhaustmanifolds 2 I.

The inner ends of the cylinder receptacles of each engine unit withinthe rear engine casing l, are subtended and supported by the webs'lb,and the'inner-ends'of the cylinder receptacles within the forward enginecasing-6 are reinforced by the .webs 6b, and whichare cut away mediallyto formthe drive-arm openings ,or clearances 60. Ste l .crlinder .o pynd r shells 2.5, 35 1. an r .ton rods 28.

equal length; anddiameter, and openat both. ends, are ,firmly seatedvwithin all of the cylinder receptacles :as. described, Ibeing xpressed.thereintothrough thexouterends of the receptacles. -,The

outer ends-ofthese cylinders, 25,, 25a are turned perpendicularlyoutward to. form the 1 annular flanges-25b. adapted to snugly seatWithin the described annular notches and. against the shoulders 19 atthe. outer ends of :the receptacles.

These cylinders"25,.[2.5a.are all, formedwith exhaust ports 26, which.are adapted to register with the exhaustportsflfl of the cylinderreceptacles when thecylinders are. properly seated therein.

Andras thesecylindersor cylinder shells are thus forced into theirreceptacles,= their inner ends close over- .the. channel-ways, l8 ofthereceptacles, thus completing the said channel-ways.

-Within thefourcylinder-shells ofueach of the three engineunitsA B, C,thereare reciprocably :mounted' four pistons 21, 2.7a, the same beingformed with relatively short skirts as shown, andwith the conventional.grooves :for receiving piston rings. These-pistons are-rigidly mountedin longitudinally. extended pairs upon the ends of piston rods28, allofequal rlengthand preferably of I-bearn structure in cross-section forthe sake of strength and lightness, and are of"cantilever formationfromend to end, as shown in Figure: 10. As stated the pistons are allformed with relatively short skirts, and may be provided at their innersides .with-the inwardly extended tongues 27b, arcuate in cross sectionto conform with the curvature of F the cylinder shells, and whichtongues are arranged and adaptedhfor' slidably -and'alternately at eachend of the engine units,

closing the exhaust ports of the unit, for preventing the back-fiow ofexhaust gasses into the cylinders. The outer faces of the pistons mayhave welded thereonto, fire plates 210, of any suitable metalxforathepurpose andbest adapted to "resist the high temperatures incident to theoperation of such an engine; The pistons 21, 21a, are formed. withintheir skirts With the integral cups or hollowbosses' 21rd adaptedtosnugly receive the reduced and rounded extremities 28a ofthe'pistonrods28. The shoulders of the rods immediately .backof the extremities28a are also rounded to the same diameter as the outer diameters vof thebossesZld, and these shoulders are threaded as shown at 281) .while theouter sides of the bosses themselves are reversely threaded as shown at27c. Locking rings or collars 29 are provided, of equal inner diameterwith the outer diameter of the threaded shoulders 28b of the pis- Thecollars 29 are threaded interiorly and reversely from each side, asindicated atZQa; 29b, to mesh with the threads 21c of the hollow bosses21d and the threads 2% of the piston rodsEB. Then by threading thesecollars first half-Way upon thethollow bosses and then threading theends of the rods reversely down into the remaining or open portions ofthe collars, the elements may be firmly 1 locked together. Small holes290 are pierced through the collars 29,

spacedapart to include the threading both of the ing the elementsagainst unturning.

Cross-yokes or links-3|,forrned with the open and angularly divergentbranches (Ha at their ends, are -by these slanting and divergentlybranched ends integrally connected or welded to ,the pairsof pistonrods'28 within each engine A; B, G; respectively.These race-ways are areprovided at each side with pairs of guideways or track-Ways fil ia, and52 52c, which extend along the upper andlo'wer sides of the race-ways inparallelism with the lines of reciprocation of the yokes 3!. Thesurfaces of these track-waysat top and bottom sides of theraceways areslightly offset from each other in par-- allel horizontal planesslightly spaced apart,'w1th the vertical spacings between the upper andlower and vertically aligned track-ways exactly equal.

The vertical spacing between the 'upper and lower track-ways isaccurately gauged so as to nicely receive between them the describedrollerring assemblies or yoke carriers, in such manner that ateach sideof each race way, one of the adjacent roller-rings will have traction onone of the tracks at that side, while its companion roller-ringhastra'ction only on the track extended along the opposite side'or" therace-way andlying adjacent to the track :upon which the otherroller-ring has traction' This arrangement is shown in Figure 9, wherethe inner rollerring 53 is shown as havingtraction only on the uppertrack-ways iii, while the outer rollerring 53a is shown as havingtraction only on the lower track-wa s 62a. 'The arrangement is furthershown in Figure 51 Thus on the reciprocation of'the yokes 59a. one setof the rollerrings will rotate clock-wise while the other set rotatesanti-clockwise. Bythis arrangement" it is apparent that the angularthrusts of the con- -necting rods at either side of'the' crank-shaftwill be received and carried by a set of the'r'ollerrings, incomparatively frictionlessmanner.

A relatively wide, master spur-gear 64 is keyed upon the extended end ofthe crank-shaft at'the left-hand side of the assembled *and'encasedthree-unit engine as described, and spur-gears B5, 66, of equal diameterwith each other and with the master gear 6d, are keyed upon the oppositeends of the frontal cam-shaft 32, 43, and placed in mesh with the mastergear 64 at the upper and lower sides'the'reof. Similar spur gears 5?,E8, of equal diameter with the gears 55, 68, are keyed upon the ends ofthe cam-shafts 42, 43, at the rear end of the assembly. A train'of'intermediate'intermeshing gears 69, iii, "H, 172-, 13,operativelyconnects the master gear {i l with therear cam-shaft gears67, 58. For this purpose the forward gear 69 is of equal diameter withthe several cani-shaftigears 65, 66,61, 68, so that with the gear 69 inmesh with the master gear -64 as shown, and the rear gear is inmesh-with both of the cam-shaft gears til, and them- No special forms.of air compressors orblowers theirlower sides for providingthe' oil'22., As heretofore indicated, the engine casings' 6 and 1 and thecontained cylinder-receptacles mQ lhted therein as described; areseparated as to' the frontal and rear' ends of the assembly ona'tra'nsmixture,'forcing the pistons atthatend'ov verse vertical planeas indicated by'theline in the drawings. 'Ihisarrangernentia'ciliit'ates'for makes possible the proper assembling orth,pistons'andpiston-rod and cross yoke units;b the stated method ofseparating 'the'casin gs 6 and 1 for such purpose, inserting" the said 1units and then bolting the casings togetherqinjr'na pointed out. 'Anyconventional, means ma employed for circulatingthecooling liguid Iployed through the "channel-ways lfi. hik wise any conventionar'startingapparatus maybe used. In operation compressed airarid oil under,'pressure, or other combustible in pulverized for employed. Both -'cylindersof. each engine fire simultaneously and build upic ompressionin the twoopposite cylinders of that unit, and the units in turn thus operate insuccession. or' rotation due to the fact; that their cranks are pacedone hundred and twentydegrees 'apar around the crank-shaft. Thecompression rati willbe about fourteen toone. Combustion pressure onone'end of eachunit works againstgcompression on the opposite 'end,'thusproviding easy and smooth running action. At the properah'dpredetermined angular, position of eafc pf'th'e'tliree cranks of thethree engine unitsilAjB, C; inf succession; at either side of thecrank=shaft,; a ,c'am On a cam-shaft operates in conventional nanner theplunger of a fuel injector, and oil under predetermined pressure is injected' through lithe nozzle ports of 'the injector into thejcoinbustionchambers just as the pistons ha-ve compressed air thereintototherequired degree.' The-heat of compression then explodes this combustible'to the opposite end of the engineunit, andin urn compressing the aircharge-s'as drawn thereinto through the air-ports',' and whichairch'argesj are then oil-charged and exploded in ,turn, ,in,tiinedsuccession as to each engine unit. Thus in each engine unit two powerstrokes aredeliveredto the; crank-shaft on each completejrevolutionthereof, or for the. three engine, units, power stroke is imparted atevery. sixty angular degrees of crank-shaftrotation. Simultaneously andas the several pistons move inwardly, they uncover their exhaust portsand thespent'gassesIot'combustion pass out therethrough, the describedtongues of thepistons preventing the back-flow of gasses into thecylinders. I Simultaneously with the exhaust phases andin-succes'sion'as between the three units, thecams on the carnshafts operate theair-inletvalves andradmit c ompressyedair into the cylinders which havejust fired: and which expanding downward efiectually-scaveng'es thespent gasses of combustion-throughthef'exhaust ports, just prior to thereverse reciprocations of the pistons." As amatter ofcourse the mostdesirable metals or metal alloys'would be employed inthec'onstruction'of these engines, according to 'the purposes andfunctionsdesigned tob'eserv'ed. T T

-While I have here shown and describecl certain embodiments of theinvention and specific-structural featuresthereof, these structuralfeatures "a'nddstails may be changed or alteredjwithin-the scopeoftheclaims -m,;; 4 n

Iclaim:

1. In an-intemal combustionengineof the two cycle Diesel type, a'pair ofelongate cylinders closed at their ends and mounted together side byside in parallel and spaced relation, the-cylinders being slottedmedially and longitudinally alongtheir inner adjacent sides in theircommon axial plane, a pair of pistons reciprocally mounted in the endsof each cylinderin exact transverse alignment, a piston rod extendedmedially and axially within each cylinder andrigidlycon- 3 nected at itsends with the said pistons, -and a yoke spanning thespace betweenthe'cylinders,

extended transversely and slidably through the at its ends within thecylinders medially to the piston rods, the yoke being less in width thanthe length of the cylinder slots for permitting reciprocation of thepistons within the cylinders, the

said yoke beingfornied with openand angularly "divergent branches atit'sends-and thereatintegrally connected or. welded to'the piston rodswithin the cylinders, whereby the piston rods and I connecting yoke forman, 'essentially integral structure and ehest'ad'apted for strength and;the

radiation of heat for-lessening radial expansion.

2. In an assembly according to claim 1, the said cylinders beingformed'and equipped withair intake ports, exhaust ports, fuel injectorports and devices, valves and timing devices, for operating the unit inaccordance with conventional Diesel enginep'ractice. I g

i 3. In an assembly according, to claim 1, a crank T shaftjournaledmedially and transversely at the forward end of thecylind'ers,perpendicularly to f the planeof theaxes of the cylinders; and-aconnecting rodidisposed between the forward ends of the 1cylinders andoperatively connected at its ends to" the piston mayor andto the crankof the crank-shaft, the said cylinders being formed and equipped withair intake ports; exhaust ports,

fuel injector ports, valves and timing devices-for 'operating thedualecylinder; engine-unit in accordance with conventional two-cycleDieselenginepractice, and'wherebya two-fold power impulse may beimpartedfto the crank-shaft upon each half-turn thereof. a In aninternalcombustion engine of the two- 'cycle Diesel type, a oairoftwo-part, elongate cy inders, closed atone end ,and-open' at theoppositeend the cylinder p'arts'being rigidly but demountably, anchoredtogether inexact longitudinal and axialjalignment at'fltheir inner openand abuttedjends, the pair. of-I two-part cylinders being rigidlymounted together; side by side in exact, spaced and parallelfalignmentwith their axes lying in. a common'plah, said cylinders being 7 slottedmediallyand longitudinally. along", their inner adjacent sides in theircommon'axial plane, pairs pf I pistons 'recipifocatingly mounted withinf the ende of the two-part fl cylinders and arran god "in exacttrafisve'nse alignment at between the cylin'ders,"axiallyfextended'piston rises Withinthe -cylinder's. and ri'gidly eo'nhected their ends'to -the;:s'aid pistons, cross-linkage extended-' freely r-through thesaid-cylinder slots'and rigidly joined at its ends within thecylindersmedially tfthe piston rods, whereby the piston androd' as's'embly mayreciprocateas aunit, the: said cross-linkage said cylinderslots at eachside and rigidly joined 7 being of open work structure forfthe' sa e 'ofstrengthand heatrad-iation, and forming with the connected piston rodsan essential integral structure.

' 5. In an engine assembly according to claim 4, -the-said two-partcylinders and transversely aligned pistons therein being cooperativelyformed and equipped, arranged and controlled asto each cylinder part,for alternate and simultaneous two-cycle Diesel engine action in thetransversely aligned cylinder ends.

- 6. In an engine assembly according torclaim 4, a crank shaftjournalled medially and transversely at the forward end of the-cylinderassembly, perpendicularly to the common plane of the axes thereof, athrust'or drive arm medially and rigidly extendedfrom the saidcross-linkageof *the piston rods, forwardly between the spaced cylindersand arranged to reciprocate longitudinally in the axial plane thereof, arace-way sup- 'ported between the forward ends of the cylinders andextended longitudinally thereof along their inner adjacent sides, andwithin which race-way the thrust or drive arm is reciprocably supported,

I and a connecting rod extended between the'forward ends of thecylinders and operatively connected at its ends to the forward end ofthe thrust or drive arm and to the crank of the crank shaft.

' 7. In an engine assembly according to claim 4, a crank-shaftjournalled medially and transversely at'the forward end of the cylinderassembly, perpendicularly to the common plane of the axes thereof, adrive arm medially and rigidly extended from the said cross-linkage ofthe piston rods, forwardly between the spaced cylinders and arranged toreciprocate longitudinally in the axial plane thereof, a race-waysupported between the forward ends of the cylinders and within which thedrive arm is reciprocably supported, a connecting rod extended betweenthe forward ends of the cylinders and operatively connected atits endsto the forward end of the drive arm and to the crank of the crankshaft,the said twopart cylinders beingformed and equipped at theirtransversely aligned ends for simultaneous, twocycle Diesel-type engineaction.

8. In a double-action, two-cycle engine assembly, a pair of two-partcylinders demountably asthere being a cross-yoke clearance spaceprovided at the inner ends of the cylinders for receiving a cross-yokerigidly connecting a pair of pistonrods extended axially through theinner open ends of the cylinders and supportin at theirends transverselyaligned pistons, whereby the pistons,

r piston rods and cross-yoke may reciprocate as a unit, the saidcross-yoke being formed with open and angularly divergent branches atits ends and 'thereat integrally connected or welded to the piston rodswithin the cylinders, thereby forming with the rods an integralstructure best adapted for strength and heat radiation.

9. In an engine assembly according to claim 8.

' transversely aligned pistons reciprocably seated in the cylinder endsand rigidly connected by piston rods, a cross-yoke rigidly andtransversely connecting the piston'rods through the said crossyokeclearance space, a drive-arm extendedforwardly from the cross-yokebetween the cylinders, and means at the outer closed :ends of thecylinders for simultaneously introducing and exploding in transverselyalignedcylinder' ends-and alternately as between the ends of the engineunit, fuel charges within the combustion chambers of transverselyaligned pairs of cylinders.

10. In a double-action, two-cycle engine assembly, a pair of two-partcylinders demountably assembled in parallel, spaced relation, in exacttransverse alignment and in axial alignment as to the parts of eachcylinder, the outer ends of the cylinders being closed to providecombustion chambers thereat, the inner ends being open, and there beinga cross-yoke clearance space provided at the inner ends of the cylindersfor receiving a cross-yoke, transversely aligned pistons reciprocablyseated in the cylinder ends and rigidly connected by piston-rods, across-yoke transversely and rigidly connecting the piston rods throughthe cross-yoke clearance spa a d arm extended from the cross-yokeforwardly between the cylinders, and means at the outer ends of thecylinders for introducing and exploding, simultaneously as to thetransversely aligned cylinder ends and alternately as to the oppositeends of the engine unit, fuel charges within the combustion chambers ofthe cylinders, the said crossyoke being of open work structure flatlyextended of the race-way and being extended upon opposite sides thereofadjacently the cylinders, the said wrist-pin being outwardly extended atits ends, and pairs of roller-ring bearings mounted on the extended endsof the wrist-pin of the yoke, one pair of the roller-rings havingtraction on one pair of the track-ways and the other pair ofroller-rings having traction on the other pair of track-ways.

12. In an engine assembly according to claim 8, separate casings forsupporting the cylinder parts at each end of the assembly, these partsbeing arran ed therein for longitudinal alignment when the casings areassembled end to end, and means for releasably securing the casingstogether in proper relation.

13. 'In an engine assembly of the kind described, a pair of enginecasings adapted for aligmnent end to end to complete the engine housing,pairs of cylinder receptacles mounted in each casing in equal parallelspaced relation, in exact transverse alignment as to the receptacles ofeach casing, and so that when the casings are aligned end to end, thesaid receptacles -will align vertically as to the receptacles of eachcasing and axially as to the receptacles of the two casings, there beinga clearance between the inner ends of the receptacles at their adjacentsides, when the casings are thus aligned, and means for releasablylocking the casings together in alignment.

14. In an assembly according to claim 13, cylinder shells seated withinthe outer ends of the said receptacles, pistons reciprocably mountedwithin the cylinder shells in exact transverse alignment as to thecylinder shells of each casll'lg, piston rods extended axially throughthe inner open ends of the longitudinally aligned cylinder shells andrigidly joined at their ends to the pistons therein, a cross-yoketransversely and rigidly connecting the piston rods through theclearance space at the inner ends of the receptacles, a drive armextended forwardly from the cross-yoke between the cylinders andprovided at its forward end with a connecting rod yoke, a race-waymounted between the frontal cylinder receptacles and arranged to receiveand support the said cross-yoke in its oscillations, a crank shaftjournaled transversely and intermediately of the frontal end of theassembly, a connecting rod operatively connecting the crank of thecrank-shaft with the yoke'of the drive arm, and means at the outer endsof the cylinder shells for introducing and exploding, simultaneously asto the transversely aligned cylinder ends and alternately as to theopposite ends of the engine unit, fuel charges within the outer ends ofthe cylinder shells as compressed therein by the pistons, said meansbeing operated and controlled by the crank-shaft.

15. In an engine assembly of the kind described, a two-part housing forthe engine parts, comprising a pair of casings for alignment end to endfor completing the housing, each casing having pairs of cylinderreceptacles arranged therein in equal parallel and spaced alignment andadapted to align axially with each other when the casings are turnedtogether endwise.

'16. In a race-way for receiving the drive-arm and connecting rod yokeof a dual-cylinder engine assembly the cylinders being spaced apart intransverse alignment, and the drive arm bein extended forwardly betweenthe cylinders from a cross-yoke connecting piston rods within the twocylinders, a race-way housing mounted between the cylinders andchambered out rectangularly in a cross-section cutting the drive-armperpendicularly, pairs of ofi-set track-ways extended along oppositesides of the race-way chamber adjacent to the cylinders, a wrist pinseated through the forks of the connecting rod yoke and extendedlaterally at each side thereof, and pairs of roller-ring bearingsmounted on the extended ends of the wrist pin, one set of theroller-rings having traction only on one pair of the track-ways at oneside of the race-way chamber and the other set of roller-rings havingtraction only on the opposite pair of track-ways.

17. In a device according to claim 16, the said race-Way housing beingof two-part structure and the parts thereof being adjustably lockedtogether by means of set-screws, whereby the tracks of the race-way maybe adjusted to the roller-ring assemblies or bearings of the wrist pincarrying the connecting rod yoke.

WALTER R. APPEMAN.

